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1、高等院校研究生英语系列教材综合教程（上）INTEGRATED COURSEUnit 10 The Role of Education Content Starting out Reading Focus Reading More Practical Translation Focused Writing Final ProjectTask 1The following is a list of the core courses offered by colleges or universities. Select what you think are the three most import
3、 1980s, Chinas college enrollment rate stood at about 3% of the population, lower than that of many other developing countries. In the early 1990s, the number rose to 5%. In 1999, universities enrolled 1.59 million students, which was a 41.2 percent rise from the previous year. Since then, the numbe
4、rs have just kept climbing. In 2002, the college enrollment rate reached 15% percent. It rose to 19% in 2005. Some people think the expansion policy is necessary to improve the quality of the nations education while others believe that the expansion is responsible for a decline in the quality of tea
5、ching as well as the intense competition in the job market. What is your opinion on this issue? Use examples, facts or figures to support your ideas. (P276) Starting outTask 2Task 2Useful words and expressions:Starting outTask 2a just, equitable and productive societyquality of education skilled wor
6、kforcelow-income areas minority studentsrising tuition fees heavy financial burdenmeet the demands of the workplaceincapable of tackling practical problemsboost economic developmentincrease the skill base of the country Task 3 In most parts of China, when students reach the second grade at senior hi
7、gh school, they are required to specialize in either science or arts courses. The two courses are very different and some people dislike being streamlined so early in their educational career. What do you think of this practice? Talk to your partner and tell them about your experience. (P277)Startin
8、g outTask 3Starting out Now watch a video about Princeton University. Listen carefully and complete the blank-filling exercise.1. Princeton University is located in Princeton, New Jersey in the suburban historic town of_ including farmlands and forests.2. One of the things that weve seen in the last
9、 years is _in the class.3. Princeton offers one of the strongest financial aid programs in the country. Thats why 58% of undergraduates receive financial aid thats not needed _.4. Some of the most popular majors in Princeton are politics, history, _.5. Our faculties are leaders in their fields and t
11、Reading FocusVocabulary in Action6Background Information1Listen to a talk on education and educational system, and answer the following questions.1) Whats the purpose of education?2) Whats thought to be fashionable in many modern countries?3) Why do some people refuse to do what they think of as low
12、 jobs?4) Why is the work of a completely uneducated farmer far more important than that of a professor?5) What kind of education is valuable to the society?Background InformationReading Focus Global UnderstandingTask 1Its important to be able to find the main idea in a paragraph. The main idea tells
13、 the reader what the paragraph is mostly about. All of the other sentences in a paragraph are details that tell the reader more about the main idea. The main idea is usually stated in a topic sentence. The topic sentence is often the first sentence or it may come a little later in the paragraph or e
14、ven at the end. Its important to be able to distinguish the main idea from the supporting details in reading materials. Sometimes the main idea is not written explicitly but rather suggested. Sometimes it may be expressed in more than one sentence. There are seven paragraphs in this text. Write down
20、ation as preparation for a profession is a narrow one? Why or why not?Reading FocusCritical ThinkingOur societys confidence in its institutions of higher education is expressed through the generous investments of the federal and state governments in basic and applied research, investments that wisel
21、y couple support for research with support for graduate education. (Para 2)couple with: if one thing is coupled with another, they happen or exist together and produce a particular result 并提；加上 e.g. 1) Lack of rain coupled with high temperatures caused the crops to fail. 2) His energy and intelligen
24、h scholars turned inward in solitary contemplation, immunized from the cares of the day, is an image that has been superseded by the modern university constructed not of ivory, but of a highly porous material, one that allows free diffusion in both directions. (Para 3) contemplation (n.): quiet, ser
26、 among a lot of people 传播，散播 e.g. 1) The diffusion of ideas across borders is one reason for Europes success. 2) The diffusion of news by radio and TV may be affected by the Internet.翻译：中世纪大学的形象是一座象牙塔，学者们远离社会进行孤独的沉思，不关心窗外之事这一形象已被现代大学所取代现代大学不是象牙构筑的，而是高度开放的机构，允许内外自由交流。 Reading Focus Language Point 4.
27、We also have learned that it is unwise to search only in predictable places, for new knowledge often depends upon preparing fertile ground in obscure places where serendipity and good luck, as well as deep intelligence, can sprout. (Para 4) serendipity (n.): the natural ability to make interesting o
28、r valuable discoveries by accident 翻译：同时，我们也得知，只在可预知的领域来挖掘知识是不明智的，因为新知识往往依赖于在未知领域准备好肥沃的土壤，在那些领域，好运气同深奥的智慧一样能 开花结果。 Reading Focus Language Point 5. Freedom of inquiry, which is one of our most cherished organizing principles, is not just a moral imperative, it is a practical necessity. (Para 4)impera
29、tive (n.): an essential or urgent thing 需要 e.g. 1) Tackling malaria is now an international imperative. 2) Distributing food aid is an important moral imperative in that society. imperative (adj.): extremely important and needing to be done or dealt with immediately 急需的 e.g. 1) It is imperative that
31、r the non-partisan point of view, in an addiction to clear and logical processes of thought and yet an instinctive desire to interpret rather than to stick to the letter of reasoning, in a taste for knowledge and a deep respect for the integrity of the human mind. (Para 6)catholic (adj.): including
32、a very wide variety of things 广泛的, 普遍的 e.g. 1) She has a catholic taste in music. 2) You have a catholic array of books on your bookshelf. Reading Focus Language Point non-partisan (adj.): not supporting the ideas of any political party or group 无党派的 翻译：它包括了：辨别正确推理与错误推理的能力，消化 与阐释论据的能力，广泛观察的习惯，对于持客观
33、见解的偏好，执着于清晰有条理的思维过程，本能 地热衷于阐释内涵而不拘泥于推论的字面意义，对 知识的鉴赏力，对人类健全心智的无限尊重。 Reading Focus Language Point Key 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-Task 1Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the sentence. (P287)Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action ACDBBBCDABTask 21. To solve a problem yo
36、scholar imperative diffusion vulnerability foremost underlieReading Focus Vocabulary in Action impartimperativevulnerablediffused7. Economic concerns are _ in many voters minds.8. I went to a(n) _ lecture this morning.9. The report _ the difficult issues at the heart of scientific policy.10. He is a
37、 man of ambition and _ .impart eloquent immunize illumination scholar imperative diffusion vulnerability foremost underlieReading Focus Vocabulary in Action foremostscholarlyilluminatedeloquenceTask 3Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word from the box. Change the form if necessary. (P28
38、8)Key 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-deepercontributeexplore potentialhowproductivelikelyproduceNationallydedicatedReading Focus Vocabulary in Action Americas Failure in Science EducationReading MoreReading More Global Understanding Critical Thinking Language Points Vocabulary in Action 1 2 3 4 Compl
39、ete the following extract with information from the text. When it comes to educating the next generation in subjects of science and technology, US students have fallen far behind their competitors in much of Western Europe and 1) _. According to the Third International Mathematics and Science Study,
40、 by the time US students reach their senior year of high school, they rank below 2) _ in 17 other countries in 3) _. This trend has disturbing implications not just for the future of American technological leadership but for 4) _. Federal Reserve Board Chairman Alan Greenspan warned that the country
41、 has developed a shortage of highly skilled workers and 5) _ lesser-skilled workers and the National Science Board has expressed the same concern in a recent report. Reading MoreGlobal UnderstandingAsian nationstheir counterpartsmath and science literacythe broader economya surplus of A number of fa
42、ctors contribute to the situation. Firstly, until now, America has compensated for its lack of educated scientists by 6)_. But it may not be able to continue to rely on this as brilliant young scientists in overseas countries find they have 7)_ in their home countries. Secondly, President Bushs educ
43、ation-reform initiative, No Child Left Behind, may be 8) _, because NCLB currently requires that students be tested only in 9) _. Finally, there is a severe shortage of 10) _. A large number of science teachers in high schools dont even have 11)_ in science. Moreover, even those who have a science d
44、egree are often teaching outside 12) _.Reading MoreGlobal Understandingimporting brainpowerbetter working opportunitiesexacerbating the problemreading and mathqualified science teachersa major or minortheir area of expertiseCritical ThinkingReading More Discuss the following questions with your part
46、 may well have better opportunities at home than in the US as globalization accelerates. Do you agree with him? Why or why not?1. But brace yourself for what youll find. (Para. 1) bracefor： to mentally or physically prepare for something unpleasant that is going to happen 使准备迎接（困难） e.g. 1) The city
47、braced itself for the possibility of another earthquake. 2) Nancy braced herself for the inevitable arguments. Reading More Language Point 2. .“the future strength of the US science and engineering workforce is imperiled,” (Para.3)imperil (v.): to put something or someone in danger 危及 e.g. The whole
49、 2) Economic conditions intensified the pressure on industry to raise prices. Reading More Language Point 4. But Hanushek figures that the 4% annual increase alone would be enough to offset the entire cost of Americas public K-126 school system for the same year. (Para. 7) offset (v.): if the cost o
51、ally, President Bushs education-reform initiative, No Child Left Behind, may be exacerbating the problem. (Para. 9)exacerbate (v.): to make a bad situation worse 使加剧，使恶化e.g. I dont want to exacerbate the situation.6. You dont have to be a scientist to recognize that the status quo is a recipe for bi
53、re Language Point 7. As things stand now, science graduates simply have too many lucrative alternatives to teaching.(Para. 13) lucrative (adj.): profitable; a job or activity that is lucrative lets you earn a lot of money 赚钱的 e.g. 1)They negotiated a lucrative contract that helped to save the compan
56、xplain its meaning. (P295)Reading More Vocabulary in Action sweeping (adj.)swept (v.)address (n.)address (v.) Reading More Vocabulary in Action 3. stunA. Redfern _ the crowd with a last-minute goal.B. You look absolutely _ in that dress.4. ironicA. Your car was stolen at the police station! How _!B.
60、ied (adj.)major (adj.)majoring (v.)Practical Translation英语抽象名词分为品质抽象名词和行为抽象名词两大类。品质抽象名词 品质抽象名词，一旦具体化，就可以指称人或事的某种品质、特点、状态，或是具有这种品质、特点、状态的人和事。翻译这些抽象名词时往往可以在其后面加上一些表示品质、特点、状态等方面的词来表示它们的用法。抽象名词的翻译Meanwhile individual schools are moving on their own to redress the imbalance between teaching and research.
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