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01
经济--快递业的发展
随着电子商务的兴起和网购的流行，快递业(express delivery industry)应运而生。快递公司提供上门收件服务，收件后就会以尽可能快的速度送到顾客手上。然而，对快递延误的投诉却持续不断。为了提高投递服务质量，国家标准化管理委员会(the National Standardization Management Committee)实施了 一套新标准。该标准规定,城际之间投递包裹的时间不得超过72小时,否则将被认定为延误，顾客即有权索赔。
【译文】
The express delivery industry emerged with the rise of electronic commerce and the popularity of online shopping. The pick-up service is available in express companies, and after getting the packages, they'll send them to customers as quickly as possible. However, consumers' complaints towards delay of delivery continue. To improve the delivery services, the National Standardization Management Committee has put into place a new set of standards. According to them, the delivery time for a package between two cities should be less than 72 hours. Otherwise, the delivery will be considered delayed, giving customers the right to seek compensation.
【翻译点睛】
1.第1句中的“随着......，......应运而生”可套用句型sth. emerge as/with，其中as后接句子，with后接名词性短语。译文选用with，故将“电子商务的兴起”和“网购的流行”均处理为名词短语形式，分别译作rise of electronic commerce及popularity of online shopping。翻译该句时还需注意动词的时态，谓语动词“应运而生”为过去时间点的瞬间动作，用—般过去时。
2.第2句中的“......提供上门收件服务”可以直接译为…provide the pick-up service，但不如译成The pick-up service is available...灵活生动，更符合英语的表达习惯。“以尽可能快的速度”译作as quickly as possible。
3.第3句中修饰“投诉”的定语“对快递延误的”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，用介词短语表达为towards delay of delivery。
4.最后一句中修饰“时间”的定语“城际之间投递包裹的”可简单译作forinter-city package,或按字面义，处理为后置定语，用介词短语for a package between two cities来表达。“不得超过72小时”可用结构be less than来表达。“否则将被认定为延误……”较长且意思独立，可另起一句来译出。此时需补充主语“该次投递”，the delivery，“顾客即有权索赔”表结果，用分词短语giving customers the right to seek compensation 来表达，也可译为 giving customers the right for compensation。
02
丽江古城有800多年的历史，曾经是茶马古道(the old teahorse road)上的一个贸易集结点(confluence)。丽江因其有序的水道和桥梁系统而闻名。丽江古城在建筑、历史及其原住民纳西族(the Naxi people)的文化传统方面不同于中国其他古城。古城沿山脉和河流而建，为我们提供了一个研究古代建筑的非常珍贵的样本。独特的地理位置、历史背景以及多民族的居民，都使丽江成为最特别的古城之一。
【译文】
The old town of Lijiang has a history of more than 800 years and was once a confluence for trade along the old tea-horse road. It is famous for its orderly system of waterways and bridges. The old town of Lijiang differs from other ancient Chinese cities in architecture, history and the culture tradition of its local residents-the Naxi people. The town is built along mountains and rivers, providing us with a very precious sample of the research on the old-time architecture. The unique geographical location, historical background and multiracial inhabitants make it one of the most special old towns.
03
历史人物--老子
老子姓李名耳，是春秋时期(the Spring and Autumn Period)伟大的哲学家、思想家，道家思想(Taoism)的创始人。他撰写的经典著作《道德经》(Tao Te Ching)，虽然只有五千多个字，却包含着朴素的辩证思想(dialectical thinking)。他的作品充满着智慧，对后人的思想产生了深远的影响。儒家思想(Confucianism)的代表人物孔子(Confucius)就曾拜访过老子，并把老子比作“龙”，认为老子的思想非常深奥。老子反对物欲，重视精神生活，主张争取精神的自由和解放。在现代社会，他的哲学思想仍然具有重大的意义。
【译文】
Laozi, whose family name was Li and given name Er, was a great philosopher, thinker, and founder of Taoism in the Spring and Autumn Period. His classic Tao Te Ching has only about 5000 characters but contains plain dialectical thinking. His works are filled with wisdom, which has a far-reaching impact on the thoughts of later generational thinking. Confucius, the representative of Confucianism, once visited Laozi and compared him to a "dragon" because of his highly profound thought. Attaching great importance to spiritual life, Laozi opposed material desires and advocated spiritual freedom and liberation. His philosophy is still of great significance in modem society.
【翻译点睛】
1.“老子姓李名耳，是……”中“姓李名耳”用定语从句whose family name was Li and given name (was) Er来表达，可以避免过多地使用并列句或者拆译成两句，使译文更简洁。
2.“他撰写的经典著作”可译成his classic，省略“撰写的”，句子更简洁，且能表达出原意。用the classic written by him也可以，但是不够简洁。
3.“他的作品充满着智慧，对后人的思想产生了深远的影响”在翻译时可以不使用and连接的并列句，而是将“对后人产生了非常深远的影响”改为用which引导的非限制性定语从句，使译文句式多样化。
4.“老子反对物欲，重视精神生活，主张……”汉语中的并列谓语动词太多，翻译时适当改变句型，将“重视精神生活”单独提出来放在居首，用现在分词作状语表达，译成attaching great importance to spiritual life。
04
历史文物--唐三彩
唐三彩（the Tang tri-colored glazed pottery)是一种以黄、褐、绿为基本色的陶器(ceramics),它盛行于唐代,距今已有1300多年的历史。它吸取了中国国画，雕塑等工艺美术的特点， 以其鲜明的色彩，独特的制作工艺广泛地受到了人们的喜爱。唐三彩富有生活气息（flavor），涉及生活的方方面面， 从逼真的动物造型，生动的人物形象到日常生活用品， 展现了当时唐朝丰富多彩的社会生活和辉煌的文化。作为一种传统工艺品,唐三彩不仅在中国的陶器史占据特殊地位,而且对中外文化的交流也起到了相当重要的作用。
【译文】
As a type of ceramics, the Tang tri-colored glazed poetry is available in three basic colors: yellow, brown and green. It prevailed in the Tang Dynasty and has a history of more than 1,300 years. Assimilating(吸纳) the characteristics of Chinese paintings, sculpture and other arts and crafts, the pottery is widely favored on account of its bright colors and unique craftsmanship. The pottery was rich in the flavor of life and covered almost every aspect of life ranging from lifelike animals, vivid figures to daily household items, which displayed the colorful social life and the splendid culture of the Tang Dynasty. As a traditional craft, the Tang tri-colored glazed pottery not only occupies a special place in the history of Chinese ceramics but also plays a significant role in the cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.
词汇难点：
逼真的 lifelike
盛行 previl; be in vogue
工艺美术 arts and crafts
特点 characteristic
日常生活用品 daily household item
传统工艺品 traditional craft
中外文化的交流 cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries
鲜明的色彩 bright color
独特的制作 unique craftsmanship
生活气息flavor of life
【翻译点睛】
1.第一个句子较长,后面出现三个并列分句,“是……”，“盛行于……”，“有……”,翻译时可将句子拆译成两个独立的英文句。第一句讲唐三彩的基本色调,第二句讲它盛行的年代和历史。
2.第二句的主干为"它广泛地受到了人们的喜爱",翻译时可使用被动语态结构：be widely favored…；“以其鲜明的色彩、独特的制作工艺”可用 on account of(由于)连接。“它吸取了中国国画、雕塑等工艺美术的特点”可使用现在分词作状语,译作 assimilating the characteristics of Chinese painting, sculpture and other arts and crafts。
3.第三句较长,可将“唐三彩富有生活气息,涉及生活的方方面面” 确定为句子主干,“从逼真的动物造型、生动的人物形象到日常生活用品”可用ranging from...to...结构来表达。“展现了当时唐朝丰富多彩的社会生活和辉煌文化”可使用 which 引导的非限制性定语从句来表达。
05
教育--义务教育
中华人民共和国成立以来，为提高国民素质，政府致力于普及九年义务教育。九年义务教育是指小学和初中阶段共计9年的教育。1986年，中国制定了《中华人民共和国义务教育法》(Compulsory Education Law of the People's Republic of China)，这标志着从法律上确立了义务教育制度。从那以后，九年义务教育取得了显著的进展。2002年的数据显示，小学学龄儿童的入学率达到98.6%。2006年，新的义务教育法的颁布使义务教育向素质教育、免费教育大步迈进，促使中国的教育进入一个全新的发展阶段。
【译文】
Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the government has been devoted to popularizing the nine-year compulsory education with the aim of improving the quality of the Chinese people. The nine-year compulsory education refers to nine years of education in primary and junior secondary schools. In 1986，China formulated Compulsory Education Law of the People's Republic of China, which indicated that the compulsory education system was legally established. Since then, the nine-year compulsory education had made significant progress. According to the statistics in 2002, the enrollment rate of primary school-aged children reached 98.6%. In 2006, the enacting of a new compulsory education law helped the compulsory education make great strides to quality-oriented education and free education, leading the education in China to a new stage of development.
END
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