Section I Use of English
Directions:
Caravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areas including China,North Africa and the Middle East. They were typically _1_outside the walks of a city or village and were usually funded by local governments or_2_ . The word ‘caravanscrai'is a_3_ofthe Persian words ‘ karvan ', which means a group of travellers or a caravan , and ‘saray’, a palace or enclosed building. The term caravan was used to_4_groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons._5_merchants , travellers or pilgrims.
From the 10th century onwards, as merchant and travel routes became more developed, the _6_of caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for people to rest at night. Travelers on the Silk Road_7_the possibility of being attacked by thieves or being_8_to extreme weather conditions. For this reason, caravanserais were strategically placed_9_they could be reached in a day's travel time.
Caravanserais served as an informal_10_point for the various people who travelled the Silk Road._11_ , these structures became important centres for cultural_12_and interaction with travellers sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs,_13_taking knowledge with them, greatly _14_ the development of several civilisations.
Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities and_15_in the trade of goods along the Silk Road . _16_, it was frequently the first stop for merchants locking to sell their wares and _17_supplies for their own joumeys. It is_18_that around 12000to 15000 caravanserais were built along the Silk Road,_19_ only about 3000 are known to remain today,many of which are in_20_.
1. [A] displayed [B] occupied [C] located [D] equipped
2.[A] privately [B] regularly [C] respectively [D] permanently
3. [A] definition [B] transition [C] substitution [D] combination
4.[A]classify [B] record [C] describe [D] connect
5.[A] apart from [B] instead of [C] such as [D] along with
6.[A] construction [B] restoration [C] impression [D] evaluation
7. [A] doubted [B] faced [C] accepted [D] reduced
8.[A] assigned [B]subjected [C] accustomed [D] opposed
9.[A] so that [B] even if [C] now that [D] in case
10.[A] talking [B] starting [C] breaking [D] meeting
11.[A] By the way [B] On occasion [C] In comparison [D] As a result
12.[A] heritage [B] revival [C] exchange [D] status
13.[A] with regard to [B] in spite of [C] as well as [D] in line with
14. [A] completing [B] influencing [C] resuming [D] pioneering
15.[A] aided [B] invested [C] failed [D] competed
16.[A] Rather [B] Indeed [C] Otherwise [D] However
17. [A] go in for [B] stand up for [C] close in on [D] stock up on
18.[A] believed [B] predicted [C] recalled [D] implied
19.[A] until [B] because [C] unless [D] although
20.[A] ruins [B] debt [C] fashion [D] series
Section IIReading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B. C or D. Mark
your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)
Text 1
The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat, but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this month as officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas schools.
Pat Hardy, who sympathizes with the views of the energy sector, is resisting proposed changes to science standards for pre-teen pupils. These would emphasise the primacy of human activity in recent climate change and encourage discussion of mitigation measures.
Most scientists and experts sharply dispute Hardy's views. “They casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion.” says Dan Quinn, senior communications strategist at the Texas Freedom Network, a non-profit group that monitors public education. “What millions of Texas kids learn in their public schools is determined too often by the political ideology of partisan board members, rather than facts and sound scholarship."
Such debates reflect fierce discussions across the US and around the world, as researchers,policymakers, teachers and students step up demands for a greater focus on teaching about the facts of climate change in schools.
A study last year by the National Center for Science Education, a non-profit group of scientists and teachers, looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes, gave barely half of US states a grade B+ or higher. Among the 10 worst performers were some of the most populous states, including Texas, which was given the lowest grade (F) and has a disproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere.
Glenn Branch, the centre’s deputy director, cautions that setting state - level science standards is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralises decisions to local school boards. Even if a state is considered a high performer in its science standards, “that does not mean it will be taught ", he says.
Another issue is that, while climate change is well integrated into some subjects and at some ages-such as earth and space sciences in high schools-it is not as well represented in curricula for younger children and in subjects that are more widely taught, such as biology and chemistry. It is also less prominent in many social studies courses.
Branch points out that, even if a growing number of official guidelines and textbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change, unofficial educational materials that convey more slanted perspectives are being distributed to teachers. They include materials sponsored by libertarian think-tanks and energy industry associations.
A. forecast a policy shift in Texas schools
B. stress the consequences of climate change
D. draw the public's attention to energy shortages
A. She exaggerates the existing panic.
B. She denies the value of scientific work.
C. She shows no concern for pre-teens.
D. She expresses self-contradictory views.
A. climate education is insufficient at state public schools
B. policymakers have little drive for science education
C. Texas is reluctant to rewrite its science textbooks
A. call for regular revision
B. require urgent application
C. have limited influence
D. cater to local needs
A. agrees to major public demands
B. reflects teachers' personal biases
D. can be swayed by external forces
Text 2
Communities throughout New England have been attempting to regulate short-term rentals since sites like Airbnb took off in the 2010s. Now with record-high home prices and historically low inventory, there's an increased urgency in such regulation, particularly among those who worry that developers will come in and buy up swaths of housing to flip for a fortune on the short-term rental market.
“We are at a crisis level on the supply of rental housing,”said Nick Taylor, executive director of the Workforce Housing Coalition of the Greater Seacoast. Without enough affordable housing in southern New Hampshire towns, “employers are having a hard time atracting employees , and workers are having a hard time finding a place to live ," Taylor said .
However, short-term rentals also provide housing for tourists, pointed out Ryan Castle,CEO of a local association of realter. “A lot of workers are servicing the tourist industry, and the tourism industry is serviced by those people coming in short term ," Castle said , “ and so it's a cyclical effect."
Short-term rentals themselves are not the crux of the issue, said Kcren Hom , an expert on affordable housing policy. “I think individuals being able to rent out their second home is a good thing. If it's their vacation home anyway, and it' s just empty, why can't you make money of it ?” Hor said. Issues arise, however, when developers attempt to create large-scale short-term rental facilities-de facto hotels-to bypass taxes and regulations. “I think the question is, shouldn't a developer who's really building a hotel, but disguising it as not a hotel, be treated and taxed and regulated like a hotel ?” Hom said. At the end of 2018,governor Charlie Baker of Massachusetts signed a bill to rein in those potential investor-buyers. The bill requires every rental host to register with the state mandates they carry insurance, and opens the potential for local taxes on top of a new state levy, Boston took things even further, requiring renters to register with the city's Inspectional Services Department.
Homn said similar registration requirements could benefit struggling cities and towns, but " if we want to make a change in the housing market, the main one is we have to build a lot more."
A. Its housing supply is at a very low level.
B. Its communities are in need of funding.
C. Its rental vacancy rate is going up slowly.
D. Its home prices are under strict control.
A. curb short-term rental speculation
B. ensure the supply of cheap housing
C. punish illegal dealings in housing
D. allow a free short-term rental market
A. further investment in local tourism
B. an increase in affordable housing
C. strict management of real estate agents
D. a favorable policy for short-term workers
A. The urgency to upgrade short-term rental facilities.
B. The efficient operation of the local housing market.
C. The necessity to stop developers from evading taxes.
D. The proper procedures for renting out spare houses.
30. Hom holds that imposing registration requirements is_.
A. an irrational decision
B. an unfeasible proposal
C. an unnecessary measure
D. an inadequate solution
Text 3
If you're heading for your nearest branch of Waterstones, the biggest book retailer in the UK, in search of the Duchess of Sussex's new children's book The Bench, you might have to be prepared to hunt around a bit, the same may be true of The President's Daughter, the new thriller by Bill Clinton and James Patterson. Both of these books are published next week by Penguin Random House (PRH), a company currently involved in a stand-off with Waterstones.
The problem began late last year, when PRH confirmed that it had introduced a credit limit with Waterstones “at a very significant level". The trade magazine The Bookseller reported that Waterstones branch managers were being told to remove PRH books from prominent areas such astables, display spaces and windows, and were “quietly retiring them to their relevant sections".
In the meantime, PRH authors have been the losers. Big-name PRH authors may suffer a bit, but it's those mid-list authors,who normally rely on Waterstones staffs passion for promoting books by lesser-known writers, who will be praying for an end to the dispute.
It comes at a time when authors are already worried about the consequences of the proposed merger betweenPRH and another big publisher, Simon & Schuster--the reduction in the number of unaligned UK publishers is likely to lead to fewer bidding wars, lower advances, and more conformity in terms of what is published.
“This is all part of a wider change towards concentration of power," says literary agent Andrew Lownie. “The publishing industry talks about diversity in terms of authors and staff but it also needs a plurality of ways of delivering intellectual contact,，choice and different voices. After all, many of the most interesting books in recent years have come from small publishers.”
We shall see whether that plurality is a casualty of the current need among publishers to be big enough to take on all-comers.
A. an ongoing conflict
B. an intellectual concept
C. a prevailing sentiment
D. a literary phenomenon
32. Why did Waterstones shops retire PRH books to their relevant sections?
A. To make them easily noticeable.
B. To comply with PRH’s requirement.
C. To respond to PRH's business move.
D. To arrange them in a systematic way.
A. Their customers remain loyal.
B. The credit limit will be removed.
C. Their stock is underestimated.
D. The book market is rather slack.
A. Sales of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off considerably.
B. Lesser-known PRH writers become the target of criticism.
D. Waterstones branches suffer a severe reduction in revenue.
35. Which of the following statements best represents Lownie's view?
A. Small publishers ought to stick together.
C. The publishing industry is having a hard time.
D. The merger of publishers is a worrying trend.
Text 4
36. According to Paragraph1,the careers of scientists can be determined by____,
[A] how many citations their works contain
[B] how many times their papers are cited
[C] the prestige of the people they work with
[D] the status they have in scientific circles
[A] recommend journals to their clients.
[B] list citation patterns their clients.
[C] ask authors to include extra citations
[D] advise contributors to cite each other
[A] boost citation counts for certain authors
[B] help scholars publish articles at low cost
[C] instruct First-time contributors in citation
[D] increase the readership of new journals
[A] It Fosters competition among citation providers
[B] It has the capability to identify suspicious citations
[C] It hinders the growth of “international" journals
[D] It established to prevent citation manipulation
[A] Take legal action.
[B] Demand an apology.
[C] Seek professional advice.
[D] Reveal their misconduct.
Part B
Directions:
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-H and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraph A, E and H have been correctly placed. Mark your answers onthe ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
A. Last year marks the 150th anniversary of a series of Yellowstone photographs by the renowned landscape photographer William Henry Jackson. He captured the first-ever shots of iconic landmarks such as the Tetons, Old Faithful and the Colorado Rockies.
B. Two centuries ago, the idea of preserving nature, rather than exploiting it, was a novel one to many U.S. settlers. One of the turning points in public support for land conservation efforts -and recognizing the magnificence of the Yellowstone region in particular-came in the form of vivid photographs.
D. Through the trip, Jackson juggled multiple cameras and plate sizes using the “collodion process”that required him to coat the plates with a chemical mixture, then expose them and develop the resulting images with a portable darkroom. The crude technique required educated guesses on exposure times, and involved heavy, awkward equipment - several men had to assist in its transportation. Despite these challenges, Jackson captured dozens of striking photos, ranging from majestic images like his now-famous snapshot of Old Faithful, to casual portraits of expeditionmembers at the camp.
E. The journey officially began in Ogden, Utah on June 8,1871. Over nearly four months, dozens ofmen made their way on horseback into Montana and traversed along the Yellowstone River andaround Yellowstone Lake. That fall, they concluded the survey in Fort Bridger,Wyoming.
F. Though Native Americans (and later miners and fur trappers) had long recognized the area's riches, most Americans did not. That's why Hayden's expedition aimed to produce a fuller understanding of the Yellowstone River region, from its hot springs and waterfalls to its variety of flora and fauna. In addition to the entourage of scientists, the team also included artists: Painter Thomas Moran and photographer Jackson were charged with capturing this astounding natural beauty and sharing it with the world.
G. The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large majorities in favor. In quick succession, the Senate and House passed legislation protecting Yellowstone in early 1872. That March, President Ulysses S. Grant signed an act into law that established Yellowstone as the world's first national park. While some locals opposed to the designation, the decision was largely accepted-and Jackson's photos played a key role in the fight to protect the area. “I don't believe that the legal protection would have happened in the timeframe that it did without those images,”says Heather Hansen, journalist and author of Prophets and Moguls, Rangers and Rogues, Bison and Bears: 100 Years of the National Park Service.
H. Perhaps most importantly, the images provided documentary evidence that later made its way to government officials. Weeks after completing the expedition, Hayden collected his team's observations into an extensive report aimed at convincing senators and representatives, along with colleagues at government agencies like the Department of the Interior, that Yellowstone ought to be preserved.
41.___ A 42.___ E 43.___ H 44.___45.___
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)
46. AI can also be used to identify the lifestyles choices of customers regarding their hobbies, favorite celebrities, and fashions to provide unique content in marketing messages put out through social media.
47. Some believe that AI is negatively impacting on the marketer 's role by reducing creativity and removing jobs, but they are aware that it is a way of reducing costs and creating new information.
48. Algorithms used to stimulate human interactions are creating many of these concerns, especially as no-one is quite sure what the outcomes of using AI to interact with customers will be.
49. If customers are not willing to share data, AI will be starved of essential information and will not be able to function effectively or employ machine learning to improve its marketing content and communication.
50. The non-intrusive delivery of the marketing message in a way that is sensitive to the needs of target customers is one of the critical challenges to the digital marketer.
Section III Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
Write a notice to recruit a student for Prof. Smith's research project on campus sports activities. Specify the duties and requirements of the job.
Write your answer about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name in the notice; use "Li Ming"instead.(10 points)
Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below. In your essay, you should
1) describe the pictures briefly,
2) interpret the implied meaning, and
3) give your comments.
Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)
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