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2023年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
①CaravanseraiswereroadsideinnsthatwerebuiltalongtheSilkRoadinareasincluding
China,NorthAfricaandtheMiddleEast.②Theyweretypically__1__outsidethewallsofacityorvillageandwereusuallyfundedbygovernmentsof__2__.
①This word “Caravanserais” is a __3__ of the Persian word “karvan”, which means a group of travellers or a caravan, and seray, a palace or enclosed building. ②The Perm caravan was used to __4__ groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons, __5__ merchants, travellers or pilgrims. ①From the 10th century onwards, as merchant and travel routes become more developed, the __6__ of the Caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for people to rest at night. ② Travellers on the Silk Road __7__ possibility of being attacked by thieves or being __8__ to extreme conditions. ③For this reason, Caravanserais were strategically placed __9__ they could be reached in a day’s travel time. ①Caravanserais served as an informal __10__ point for the various people who travelled the Silk Road. ②__11__, those structures became important centers for culture __12__ and interaction, with travelers sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs, __13__ talking knowledge with them, greatly __14__ the development of several civilizations. ①Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities and __15__ in the trade of goods along the Silk Road. ②__16__, it was frequently the first stop merchants looking to sell their wares and __17__ supplies for their own journeys. ③It is __18__ that around 120000 to 15000 caravanserais were built along the Silk Road, __19__ only about 3000 are known to remain today, many of which are in __20__.
1. [A] displayed[B] occupied[C] located[D] equipped
2. [A] privately[B] regularly[C] respectively[D] permanently
3. [A] definition[B] transition [C] substitution[D] combination
4. [A] classify[B] record[C] describe[D] connect
5. [A] apart from[B] instead of[C] such as[D] along with
6. [A] construction[B] restoration[C] impression[D] evaluation
7. [A] doubted[B] faced[C] accepted[D] reduced
8. [A] assigned[B] subjected[C] accustomed[D] opposed
9. [A] so that[B] even if[C] now that[D] in case
10. [A] talking[B] starting[C] breaking[D] meeting
11. [A] By the way [B] On occasion [C] In comparison [D] As a result
12. [A] heritage [B] revival [C] exchange [D] status
13. [A] with regard to [B] in spite of [C] as well as[D] in line with
14. [A] completing [B] influencing [C] resuming [D] pioneering
15. [A] aided[B] invested [C] failed [D] competed
16. [A] rather [B] indeed [C] otherwise [D] however
17. [A] go in for [B] stand up for [C] close in on [D] stock up on
18. [A] believed [B] predicted[C] recalled [D] implied
19. [A] until [B] because [C] unless [D] although
20. [A] ruins[B] debt [C] fashion [D] series
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
①The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat, but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this month as officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas schools.
①Pat Hardy, who sympathized with views of the energy sector, is resisting the proposed change to science standards for pre-teen pupils. ②These would emphasise the primacy of human activity in recent climate change and encourage discussion of mitigation measures.
①Most scientists and experts sharply dispute Hardy’s views. ②“They casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion.” says Dan Quinn, senior communications strategist at the Texas Freedom Network, a non-profit group that monitors public education. ③“What millions of Texas kids learn in their public schools is determined too often by the political ideology of partisan board members, rather than facts and sound scholarship.”
①Such debate reflects fierce discussion discussions across the US and around the world, as researchers, policymakers, teachers and students step up demands for a greater focus on teaching about the facts of climate change in schools.
①A study last year by the National Center for Science Education, a non-profit group of scientists and teachers, looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes, gave barely half of US states a grade B+ or higher. ②Among the 10 worst performers were some of the most populous states, including Texas, which was given the lowest grade (F) and has a disproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere. ①Glenn Branch, the centre’s deputy director, cautions that setting state-level science standards is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralises decisions to local school boards. ②Even if a state is considered a high performer in its science standards, “that does not mean it will be taught”, he says. ①Another issue is that while climate change is well integrated into some subjects and at some ages — such as earth and space sciences in high schools — it is not as well represented in curricula for younger children and in subjects that are more widely taught, such as biology and chemistry. ②It is also less prominent in many social studies courses. ①Branch points out that, even if a growing number of official guidelines and textbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change, unofficial educational materials that convey more slanted perspectives are being distributed to teachers. ②They include materials sponsored by libertarian think-tanks and energy industry associations. 21. In paragraph 1, the weather in Texas is mentioned to ______.[A] forecast a policy shift in Texas schools.[B] stress the consequences of climate change[C] indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting[D] draw the public’s attention to energy shortages. 22. What does Quinn think of Hardy?[A] she exaggerates the existing panic.[B] she denies the value of scientific work[C] she shows no concern for pre-teens.[D] she expresses self-contradictory views. 23. The study mentioned in Paragraph 5 shows that ______.[A] climate education is insufficient at state public schools.[B] policy makers have little drive for science education.[C] Texas is reluctant to rewrite its science textbooks.[D] environmental teaching in some states lacks supervision. 24. According to Branch, state-level science standards in the US ______.[A] call for regular revision [B] require urgent application [C] have limited influence [D] cater to local needs 25. It is implied in the last paragraph that climate change teaching in some schools ______.[A] agree to major public demands[B] reflects teachers’ personal bias[C] may misrepresent the energy sector[D] can be swayed by external forces
Text 2
①Communities throughout the region have been attempting to regulate short-term rentals since sites like Airbnb took off in the 2010s. ②Now, with record-high home prices and historically low inventory, there’s an increased urgency in such regulation, particularly among those who worry that developers will come in and buy up swaths of housing to flip for a fortune on the short-term rental market.
①In New Hampshire, where the rental vacancy rate has dropped below 1 percent, housing advocates fear unchecked short-term rentals will put further pressure on an already strained market. ②The state Legislature recently voted against a bill that would’ve made it illegal for towns to create legislation restricting short-term rentals. ①“We are at a crisis level on the supply of rental housing, so anytime you’re taking the tool out of the toolkit for communities to address this, you’re potentially taking supply off the market that’s already incredibly stressed,’’ said Nick Taylor, executive director of the Workforce Housing Coalition of the Greater Seacoast. ②Without enough affordable housing in southern New Hampshire towns, “employers are having a hard time attracting employees, and workers are having a hard time finding a place to live,’’ Taylor said. ①However, short-term rentals also provide housing for tourists, a crucial part of the economies in places like Nantucket, Cape Cod, or the towns that make up New Hampshire’s Seacoast and Lakes Region, pointed out Ryan Castle, CEO of the Cape Cod & Islands Association of Realtors. ②“A lot of workers are servicing the tourist industry, and the tourism industry is serviced by those people coming in short term,’’ Castle said, “and so it’s a cyclical effect.’’ ①Short-term rentals themselves are not the crux of the issue, said Keren Horn, an affordable housing policy expert at the University of Massachusetts Boston. ②“I think individuals being able to rent out their second home is a good thing. ③If it’s their vacation home anyway, and it’s just empty, why can’t you make money off it?” Horn said. ④Issues arise, however, when developers attempt to create large-scale short-term rental facilities — de facto hotels — to bypass taxes and regulations. ⑤“I think the question is, shouldn’t a developer who’s really building a hotel, but disguising it as not a hotel, be treated and taxed and regulated like a hotel?’’ Horn said.
①At the end of 2018, Governor Charlie Baker signed a bill to rein in those potential investor-buyers. ②“The bill requires every rental host to register with the state, mandates they carry insurance, and opens the potential for local taxes on top of a new state levy,’’ the Globe reported. ③Boston took things even further, limiting who is authorized to rent out their home, and requiring renters to register with the city’s Inspectional Services Department.
①Horn said similar registration requirements could benefit other struggling cities and towns. ②The only way to solve the issue, however, is by creating more housing. ③“If we want to make a change in the housing market, the main one is we have to build a lot more.’’ 26. Which of the following is true of New England?
[A]Its housing supply is at a very low level.
[B]Its communities are in need of funding.
[C]Its rental vacancy rate is going up slowly.
[D] Its home prices are under strict control.
27. The bill mentioned in Paragraph 2 was intended to ________.
[A]curb short-term rental speculation.
[B]ensure the supply of cheap housing
[C]punish illegal dealings in housing
[D]allow a free short-term rental market
28. Compared with Castle, Taylor is more likely to support ________.
[A]further investment in local tourism
[B]an increase in affordable housing
[C] strict management of real estate agents
[D]a favorable policy for short-term workers
29. What does Horn emphasize in Paragraph 5?
[A]The urgency to upgrade short-term rental facilities.
[B]The efficient operation of the local housing market.
[C]The necessity to stop developers from evading taxes.
[D]The proper procedures for renting out spare houses.
30. Horn holds that imposing registration requirements is________.
[A]an irrational decision
[B]an unfeasible proposal
[C]an unnecessary measure
[D]an inadequate solution
Text 3
①If you’re heading for your nearest branch of Waterstones in search of the Duchess of Sussex’s new children’s book The Bench, you might have to be prepared to hunt around a bit; the same may be true of The President's Daughter, the new thriller by Bill Clinton and James Patterson. ②Both of these books are published next week by Penguin Random House, a company currently involved in a stand-off with Waterstones. ①The problem began late last year, when Penguin Random House confirmed that it had introduced a credit limit with Waterstones “at a very significant level”. ②The trade magazine The Bookseller reported that Waterstones branch managers were being told to remove PRH books from prominent areas such as tables, display spaces and windows, and were “quietly retiring them to their relevant sections”. ①PRH declined to comment on the issue, but a spokesperson for Waterstones told me: “Waterstones are currently operating with reduced credit terms from PRH, the only publisher in the UK to place any limitations on our ability to trade. ②We are not boycotting PRH titles but we are doing our utmost to ensure that availability for customers remains good despite the lower overall levels of stock. ③We do this generally by giving their titles less prominent positioning within our bookshops. ④“We are hopeful with our shops now open again that normality will return and that we will be allowed to buy appropriately. Certainly, our shops are exceptionally busy and book sales are very strong. ⑤The sales for our May Books of the Month surpassed any month since 2018.” ①In the meantime, PRH authors have been the losers - as have customers, who might expect the new titles from the country’s biggest publisher to be prominently displayed by its biggest book retailer. ②Big-name PRH authors may suffer a bit, but it’s those mid-list authors, who normally rely on Waterstones staff’s passion for promoting books by lesser-known writers, who will be praying for an end to the dispute.
①It comes at a time when authors are already worried about the consequences of the proposed merger between PRH and another big publisher, Simon & Schuster - the reduction in the number of unaligned UK publishers is likely to lead to fewer bidding wars, lower advances, and more conformity in terms of what is published. ②And one wonders if PRH would have been confident enough to deal with Waterstones in the way it has if it weren’t quite such a big company (it was formed with the merger of Penguin and Random House in 2013) and likely to get bigger.
①“This is all part of a wider change towards concentration of power and cartels. ②Literary agencies are getting bigger to have the clout to negotiate better terms with publishers, publishers consolidating to deal with Amazon,” says Lownie. ③“The publishing industry talks about diversity in terms of authors and staff but it also needs a plurality of ways of delivering intellectual contact, choice and different voices. ④After all, many of the most interesting books in recent years have come from small publishers.”
①We shall see whether that plurality is a casualty of the current need among publishers to be big enough to take on all-comers.
31. the author mentions two books in the paragraph 1 to present ____
[A] an ongoing conflict
[B] an intellectual concept
[C] a prevailing sentiment
[D] a literary phenomenon32. Why did Waterstones shops retire PRH books to their relevant sections?
[A] to make them easily noticeable
[B] to comply with PRH's requirement
[C] to respond to PRH's business move
[D] to arrange them in a systematic way33. What message did the spokesman of Waterstones seem to convey?[A] their customers remain royal
[B] the credit limit will be removed
[C] their stock is underestimated
[D] the book market is rather slack 34. What can be one consequence of the current dispute?[A] Sales of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off considerably[B] Lesser-known PRH writers become the target of criticism[C] Waterstones staff hesitate to promote big-name author's books[D] Waterstones branches suffer a severe reduction in revenue 35. Which of the following statements best represents Lownie`s view?[A] Small publishers ought to stick together[B] Big publishers will lose their dominance[C] The publishing industry is having a hard time[D] The merger of publishers is a worrying trend
Text 4
①Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research. ②Each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than 30,000 journals. ③The scientific community measures the quality of those papers in a number of ways, including the perceived quality of the journal (as reflected by the title’s impact factor) and the number of citations a specific paper accumulates. ④The careers of scientists and the reputation of their institutions depend on the number and prestige of the papers they produce, but even more so on the citations attracted by these papers.
①In recent years, there have been several episodes of scientific fraud, including completely made-up data, massaged or doctored figures, multiple publications of the same data, theft of complete articles, plagiarism of text, and self-plagiarism. ②And some scientists have come up with another way to artificially boost the number of citations to their work.
①Citation cartels, where journals, authors, and institutions conspire to inflate citation numbers, have existed for a long time. ②In 2016, researchers developed an algorithm to recognize suspicious citation patterns, including groups of authors that disproportionately cite one another and groups of journals that cite each other frequently to increase the impact factors of their publications. ③Recently, I came across yet another expression of this predatory behavior: so-called support service consultancies that provide language and other editorial support to individual authors and to journals sometimes advise contributors to add a number of citations to their articles and the articles of colleagues. ④Some of these consultancies are also active in organizing conferences and can advise that citations be added to conference proceedings. ⑤In this manner, a single editor can drive hundreds of citations in the direction of his own articles or those of colleagues that may be in his circle.
①How insidious is this type of citation manipulation? ②In one example, an individual—acting as author, editor, and consultant—was able to use at least 15 journals as citation providers to articles published by five scientists at three universities. ③The problem is rampant in Scopus, which includes a high number of the new “international” journals. ④In fact, a listing in Scopus seems to be a criterion to be targeted in this type of citation manipulation.
[A]howmanycitationstheirworkscontain
[B]howmanytimestheirpapersarecited
[C]theprestigeofthepeopletheyworkwith
[D]thestatustheyhaveinscientificcircles
[A]recommendedjournalstotheirclients
[B]listcitationpatternsfortheirclients
[C] ask authors to include extra citation [D] advise contributors to cite each other
[A]boostcitationcountsforcertainauthors
[B]helpscholarspublisharticlesatlowcost
[C] instruct first time contributors in citation
[D]increasethereadershipofnewjournals
[A]Itfosterscompetitionamongcitationproviders
[B]Ithasthecapabilitytoidentifysuspiciouscitation
[C]Ithindersthegrowthofinternationaljournals
[D]Itisestablishedtopreventcitationmanipulation
[A]Takelegalaction
[B]Demandanapology
[C]Seekprofessionaladvice
[D]Revealtheirmisconduct
Part B
Directions:
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-H and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraph A, E and Hhave been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
[C] As an effective Washington operator, Hayden sensed that he could capitalize on the expedition’s stunning visuals. He asked Jackson to print out large copies and distributed them, along with reproductions of Moran’s paintings, to each member of Congress. “The visualization, particularly those photographs, really hit home that this is something that has to be protected,” says Murphy. [D] Though Native Americans (and later miners and fur trappers) had long recognized the area’s riches, most Americans did not. That’s why Hayden’s expedition aimed to produce a fuller understanding of the Yellowstone River region, from its hot springs and waterfalls to its variety of flora and fauna. In addition to the entourage of scientists, the team also included artists: Painter Thomas Moran and photographer William Henry Jackson were charged with capturing this astounding natural beauty and sharing it with the world. [E] The journey officially began in Ogden, Utah, on June 8,1871. Over nearly four months, dozen of man made their way on horseback into Montana and traversed along the Yellowstone River and around Yellowstone lake. That fall, they concluded the survey in fort Bridger, Wyoming [F] Though Native Americans (and later miners and fur trappers) had long recognized the area's riches, most Americans did not. That's why Hayden's expedition aimed to produce a fuller understanding of the yellowstone river region, from it's hot springs and waterfalls to its variety of flora and fauna. In addition to the entourge of scientists, the team also included artists : Painter Thomas Moran and photographer Jackson were charged with capturing this astounding natural beauty and sharing it with the world.
41.→A→42.→E→43.→H→44.→45. Part C
Section III Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
Write a notice to recruit a student for Prof. Smith’s research project on campus sports activities. Specify the duties and requirements of the job.
Write your answer in about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name in the notice; use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)
Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should:
1) describe the picture briefly,
2) interpret the implied meaning, and
3) give your comments.
Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
2023年考研英语（一）真题答案
Section I Use of English (10 points)
1. C 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.D
11.D 12.C 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.B 17.D 18.B 19. D 20.A
Section II Reading Comprehension (60 points)
Part A (40 points)
Text 1 21.C 22.B 23.A 24.C 25.D
Text 2 26.A 27.D 28.B 29.C 30.D
Text 3 31.A 32.C 33.A 34.A 35.D
Text 4 36.B 37.C 38.A 39.B 40.D
Part B (10 points)
41. B 42.F 43. D 44. C 45. G
Part C (10 points)
46. 就顾客的喜好、最爱的名人及潮流服饰方面而言，人工智能也可用于辨别顾客的这些生活选择，由此在通过社交媒体推送的营销信息中提供专属的内容。
47. 有的人认为人工智能会降低创造性、减少工作岗位，从而对营销者的形象造成负面影响，但他们也知道，人工智能是降低成本和催生新信息的一种途径。
48. 用于模拟人类互动行为的算法正在催生许多这方面的担忧，尤其是在大家无法完全确定运用人工智能和顾客互动会产生何种后果时。
50. 敏锐捕捉目标客户需求，对营销信息进行非侵扰式的传播，这对数字营销者而言是一项重大挑战。
Writing Part A (10 points)
【参考范文】
Notice
Dec 24th, 2022
The notice is to recruit a student for Prof. Smith research project on campus sports activities and specify the duties and requirements of this job.
To begin with, what you need to pay close attention to is that the main duty of the position requires that you can collect and analyze the data on campus sports activities. In addition to that, you will be responsible for organizing the daily meetings with Professor Smith and other members and dealing with the problems on the campus sports activities independently. Most importantly, you should be extremely organized, enthusiastic, and patient, and rather expert at communicational skills.
The deadline for registration is January 31st, 2023. If you have any questions or need help, please telephone 1234567 or contact us at sports@123. com by email.
Li Ming
【参考译文】
通知
该通知旨在为史密斯教授的校园体育活动研究项目招募一名学生，并明确该工作的职责和要求。
首先，你需要密切关注的该职位的主要职责要求是你能够收集和分析校园体育活动的数据。除此之外，你将负责组织与史密斯教授和其他成员的日常会议，并独立处理校园体育活动中的问题。最重要的是，你应该非常有组织性、热情、耐心，并且相当擅于沟通技能。
李明
Writing Part B (20 points)
龙舟比赛的图片及图片对白突出两个主题：[1]加强运动，增加体质-运动健康主题 [2]发起龙舟比赛，弘扬传统文化-传统文化主题
【参考范文】
The picture vividly portrays festive occasions full of cheering and excitement where many villagers wearing holiday dresses row dragon boats on the rivers, participating in dragon boat races on Chinese traditional festivals, and try their best to win the first place to show their physical strength and health. Evidently, it gives us an enlightenment that at any time, keeping health and physical strength is a right choice, which, to some extent, helps us to achieve our initial dreams and to carry forward our traditional cultures.
Our daily life has been filled with diverse examples about healthy life of traditional sports, square dance, being the foremost. In many communities and parks exist a great many people, seniors, and youngers, and they persist in doing sports on a daily basis such as jogging, dancing, playing swords, Tai Chi etc. so that they build up their physical condition and seldom suffer from the tortures of ailments. It is because of their healthy notion and lifestyle that they lead a happy and delightful life and meanwhile this helps to inherit traditional culture to develop and expand Chinese spirit. However, This is not always the case. Say, some youngsters always not only over-eat junk food such as snacks in the streets and fast food with high sugar, protein and calorie etc. but also stay up, which make them stay in subhealth and possibly get some incurable diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and their like.
As discussed, we find that health plays a positive role for ourselves and country. Thus, we actively promote Chinese culture while strengthening exercise and strengthening our physique through traditional Chinese sports.
【参考译文】
图片生动地描绘了充满欢呼和兴奋的节日场景，许多穿着节日礼服的村民在河上划龙舟，参加中国传统节日的龙舟比赛，并尽力赢得第一名，以展示自己的体魄和健康。显然，这给了我们一个启示，即在任何时候，保持健康和体力都是一个正确的选择，这在一定程度上有助于我们实现最初的梦想，弘扬我们的传统文化。
我们的日常生活中充斥着各种各样的关于传统体育健康生活的例子，广场舞是最典型的。在许多社区和公园里，有很多人、包括老年人和年轻人，他们坚持每天做运动，如慢跑、跳舞、练剑、太极等，这样他们就可以锻炼身体，很少遭受病痛的折磨。正是因为他们健康的观念和生活方式，他们过着幸福快乐的生活，同时也有助于传承传统文化，发展和弘扬中国精神。然而，事实并非总是如此，比如说，一些年轻人不仅总是过度吃垃圾食品，比如街头小吃和高糖、高蛋白、高热量的快餐，而且还会熬夜，这使他们处于亚健康状态，并可能患上一些不治之症，如糖尿病、高血压等。
正如所讨论的，我们发现健康对我们自己和国家都起着积极的作用。因此，我们积极推广中国文化，同时通过中国传统体育运动加强锻炼和增强体质。
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